China's rural industrial sector has been the engine driving much of the Chinese economy's dynamism during the reform period. The nature and development of this sector, also referred to as township and village enterprises (TVEs) defy easy explanation. Across regions, there is dramatic variation in property rights among TVEs, ranging from local government ownership to outright pr...(展开全部)

China's rural industrial sector has been the engine driving much of the Chinese economy's dynamism during the reform period. The nature and development of this sector, also referred to as township and village enterprises (TVEs) defy easy explanation. Across regions, there is dramatic variation in property rights among TVEs, ranging from local government ownership to outright pr...(展开全部)

明恩溥（Arthur H. Smith，1845-1932） 美国公理会传教士。1872年来华，先后居住于天津、山东等地，兼任《字林西报》通讯员。1905年辞去教职，留居通州写作。著有多种关于中国的书籍，代表作是《中国人的气质》（Chinese Characteristics）。他在华生活近五十年，特别熟悉下层农民的生活，对中国较有感情，是最早建议美国政府退还中国庚子赔款的人，并获得了美国国会通过。本书首版于1899年。他对中国社会的研究深为鲁迅、潘光旦等学人称道。

While the number of domestic leisure travelers has increased dramatically in reform-era China, the persistent gap between urban and rural living standards attests to ongoing social, economic, and political inequalities. The state has widely touted tourism for its potential to bring wealth and modernity to rural ethnic minority communities, but the policies underlying the develo...(展开全部)